Do you know what submerged arc means?
What is the difference between SAW and SMAW?
Submerged arc welding (SAW) is a common arc welding process which was originally developed by the Linde Union Carbide Company. It requires a continuously fed consumable solid or tubular (flux cored) electrode. The molten weld and the arc zone are protected from atmospheric contamination by being “submerged” under a layer of flux consisting of lime, silica, manganese oxide and calcium fluoride amongst other compounds. When molten, the flux becomes conductive, and provides a current path between the electrode and the work. This thick blanket of flux completely covers the molten weld, thus preventing spatter and sparks as well as suppressing the extreme ultraviolet radiation and fumes that are a part of the shielded metal arc welding process (SMAW).
SAW is normally operated automatically, however semi-auto (handheld) Sub Arc guns with pressurized or gravity flux feed delivery are available. The process is normally limited to the flat or horizontal-fillet welding positions (horizontal groove position welds have been achieved with arrangements to support the flux). Deposition rates approaching 100 lb/h (45kg/h) have been reported, compared with 10lb/h (5 kg/h max) for shielded metal arc welding SMAW. Although currents ranging from 300 to 2000 A are commonly utilized, currents of up to 5000 A have also been used with multiple arcs.
Single or multiple electrode wire variations of the process exist. SAW strip cladding uses a flat strip electrode e.g 60 x 0.5mm, DC or AC power can be used, and combinations of DC and AC are common on multiple on multiple electrode systems. Constant voltage welding power supplies are most commonly used, however constant current systems in combination with a voltage sensing wire-feeder are available.